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Understanding Hypertension: A Patient-Friendly Guide

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Often referred to as the "silent killer," it typically has no symptoms but can lead to serious health problems if left untreated. In this blog post, we will explore what hypertension is, its common causes, symptoms to watch for, potential health risks, and practical tips for prevention and management.


Disclaimer

The information provided on this website is for general informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Use of this website does not establish a physician-patient relationship. For medical concerns, please consult a qualified healthcare provider. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or visit the closest emergency room (ER). Do not use this website for medical emergencies. This site may contain links to external websites for convenience; we do not endorse or guarantee the accuracy of external content.


What is Hypertension?


Hypertension is when the force of blood against the walls of your arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded with two numbers: systolic pressure (the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats) over diastolic pressure (the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats).


A normal blood pressure reading is usually around 120/80 mmHg. According to the Joint National Committee 8th edition (JNC 8), hypertension is diagnosed when blood pressure consistently exceeds 140/90 mmHg. High blood pressure can put extra strain on your heart and blood vessels, increasing your risk of heart disease, stroke, and other serious conditions.

WARNING! Your healthcare provider may have a different blood pressure goal depending on you and your conditions. Consult your qualified healthcare provider to discuss your blood pressure goals.


Eye-level view of a blood pressure monitor on a doctor's desk
Blood pressure monitor showing hypertensive reading.

Common Causes of Hypertension


Hypertension can be caused by various factors, many of which are related to lifestyle choices. Some of the most common causes include:


  1. Poor Diet: High salt, sugar, and processed food intake can contribute to high blood pressure. A diet low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may also be a factor.


  2. Lack of Physical Activity: Sedentary lifestyles can lead to weight gain and increased blood pressure. Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining a healthy weight and heart.


  3. Obesity: Excess weight can increase the strain on your heart and lead to higher blood pressure. Even a small amount of weight loss can significantly lower your blood pressure.


  4. Alcohol and Tobacco Use: Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking can damage blood vessels, leading to hypertension.


  5. Stress: Chronic stress may contribute to high blood pressure. It can also lead to unhealthy habits like overeating or smoking, which can further elevate blood pressure.


  6. Genetics: High blood pressure tends to run in families, indicating a hereditary component.


Wide angle view of a healthy meal with fruits and vegetables
Healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables.

Symptoms to Watch For


Hypertension is often called a "silent killer" because many people exhibit no symptoms. However, there are some signs and symptoms to be aware of, including:


  • Headaches: Severe headaches can sometimes indicate extremely high blood pressure.

  • Dizziness: Feeling dizzy or lightheaded may occur, particularly when standing up quickly.

  • Shortness of Breath: Trouble breathing can be associated with high blood pressure.

  • Nosebleeds: Frequent nosebleeds may be linked to elevated blood pressure levels.

  • Vision Changes: Blurred or impaired vision can occur in severe cases.


Recognizing these symptoms early can lead to timely medical intervention and help prevent complications.


Potential Health Risks


If left unmanaged, hypertension can lead to several serious health conditions, including:


  1. Heart Disease: High blood pressure can lead to coronary artery disease, heart failure, and other heart-related issues.


  2. Stroke: Hypertension increases the risk of strokes by damaging and weakening blood vessels in the brain.


  3. Kidney Damage: The kidneys regulate blood pressure, and high blood pressure can cause kidney disease and failure over time.


  4. Vision Loss: Hypertension can damage the blood vessels in the eyes, resulting in vision impairment or loss.


  5. Metabolic Syndrome: This cluster of conditions can increase the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and stroke.


Understanding these risks highlights the importance of managing hypertension effectively.


High angle view of a person running in a park
A person engaging in physical activity to improve heart health.

Practical Tips for Prevention and Management


Fortunately, hypertension can often be managed and even prevented with simple lifestyle changes. Here are some actionable steps you can take:


  • Eat a Balanced Diet: Focus on a heart-healthy diet that includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. Limit your intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.


  • Stay Active: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity each week. Activities like walking, jogging, biking, or swimming can help lower blood pressure.


  • Maintain a Healthy Weight: If you are overweight, work on losing even a small percentage of your weight. Every bit can help lower blood pressure.


  • Limit Alcohol and Quit Smoking: Reducing alcohol intake and quitting smoking can help lower your blood pressure and improve overall health.


  • Manage Stress: Find healthy ways to manage stress, such as practicing yoga, meditation, or engaging in hobbies you enjoy.


  • Check Your Blood Pressure Regularly: Regular check-ups are crucial to monitor your blood pressure. If you have a family history of hypertension or other risk factors, talk to your healthcare provider about how often you should be tested.


  • Medication When Necessary: For some people, lifestyle changes alone may not be enough. Your doctor may prescribe medication to help control your blood pressure.


By incorporating these habits into your daily life, you can take significant steps toward preventing and managing hypertension.


Staying Informed and Engaged


Regular discussions with your healthcare provider about your blood pressure and heart health can make a significant difference in managing hypertension. Educate yourself on the condition; awareness is the first step toward health.


If you are looking for more detailed resources, check out American Heart Association for comprehensive information on hypertension and heart health management.


Taking control of your blood pressure can lead to longer, healthier life. Don't wait for symptoms to appear — be proactive about your heart health today!



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If you live in the Lake Charles, LA area and would like to become a patient, schedule an appointment now. Please call Dr. Smith's office at 337-433-1212 for assistance or visit his website from the link below.


 


References

James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, Lackland DT, LeFevre ML, MacKenzie TD, Ogedegbe O, Smith SC Jr, Svetkey LP, Taler SJ, Townsend RR, Wright JT Jr, Narva AS, Ortiz E. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014 Feb 5;311(5):507-20. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.284427. Erratum in: JAMA. 2014 May 7;311(17):1809. PMID: 24352797.


Coles S, Fisher L, Lin KW, Lyon C, Vosooney AA, Bird MD. Blood Pressure Targets in Adults With Hypertension: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the AAFP. Am Fam Physician. 2022 Dec;106(6):Online. PMID: 36521481.


Carey RM, Moran AE, Whelton PK. Treatment of Hypertension: A Review. JAMA. 2022 Nov 8;328(18):1849-1861. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.19590. PMID: 36346411.

The information provided on this website is for general informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Use of this website does not establish a physician-patient relationship. For medical concerns, please consult a qualified healthcare provider. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call 911 or visit your closest emergency room (ER). Do not use this website for medical emergencies. This site may contain links to external websites for convenience; we do not endorse or guarantee the accuracy of external content.

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